Table A1.1 YDI 2023 indicators by domain
Health and Wellbeing
Indicator |
Definition |
Source |
No. countries covered |
Latest year of data |
Alcohol abuse |
YLL from alcohol use disorders, ages 15–29 |
IHME GBD |
204 |
2019 |
Drug abuse |
YLL from drug use disorders, ages 15–29 |
IHME GBD |
204 |
2019 |
HIV rate |
HIV rate, ages 15–29 |
UNAIDS estimates |
131 |
2021 |
Mental health |
YLL from mental disorders, ages 15–29 |
IHME GBD |
204 |
2019 |
Mortality rate |
Deaths from all causes, ages 15–29 |
IHME GBD |
204 |
2019 |
Tobacco consumption |
Tobacco smokers, % of ages 15–29 |
IHME GBD |
201 |
2015 |
Self-harm |
YLL from self-harm, ages 15–29 |
IHME GBD |
204 |
2019 |
Education
Indicator |
Definition |
Source |
No. countries covered |
Latest year of data |
Digital natives |
Five or more years’ experience using the internet, % of ages 15–29 |
ITU |
181 |
2013 |
Literacy rate |
Literacy rate, youth total, % of ages 15–24 |
UNESCO Institute for Statistics |
216 |
2021 |
School completion |
Lower secondary completion rate, total, % of country-specific age group |
UNESCO Institute for Statistics |
216 |
2021 |
Employment and Opportunity
Indicator |
Definition |
Source |
No. countries covered |
Latest year of data |
Account |
Respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or other financial institution or report using mobile money in the past 12 months, % ages 15–24 |
World Bank Global Findex Database |
158 |
2021 |
Adolescent fertility rate |
Adolescent fertility rate, births per 1,000 women ages 15–19 |
United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects |
205 |
2020 |
NEET |
NEET youth, % of ages 15–24 |
ILO |
163 |
2022 |
Underemployment* |
Time-related underemployment, ages 15-24 |
ILO modelled estimates |
187 |
2019 |
Equality and Inclusion
Indicator |
Definition |
Source |
No. countries covered |
Latest year of data |
Economic marginalisation |
Population percentage classified as extremely poor (<US$1.90 PPP) or moderately poor (>=US$1.90 and <US$ 3.20 PPP), ages 15–24 |
ILO modelled estimates |
191 |
2019 |
Gender parity in literacy |
Literacy rate, youth, ages 15–24 GPI† |
UNESCO Institute for Statistics |
162 |
2021 |
Gender parity in NEET |
Distance from parity between percentages of NEET young women and NEET young men, ages 15–24 |
UNDESA Global SDG Indicators Database, IEP calculations |
78 |
2018 |
Gender parity in safety and security |
Distance from parity between percentages of young women and young men who report feeling safe walking alone in their neighbourhood at night |
GWP, IEP calculations |
167 |
2021 |
Early marriage |
Women first married by age 18, % of women ages 20–24 |
Country surveys collected by World Bank and OECD |
137 |
2021 |
Political and Civic Participation
Indicator |
Definition |
Source |
No. countries covered |
Latest year of data |
Recognition for community improvement |
Responding ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’ with the statement ‘In the past 12 months, you have received recognition for helping to improve the city or area where you live’, % ages 15–29 |
GWP |
153 |
2016 |
Voiced opinion to an official |
Responding that they have voiced their opinion to an official in the past 30 days, % ages 15–29 |
GWP |
167 |
2021 |
Volunteered time |
Responding that they have volunteered time in the past 30 days, % ages 15–29 |
GWP |
168 |
2021 |
Youth policy score |
Scores on youth policy and legislation, public institutions, youth representation, and public budget and spending |
Youth Policy Labs, IEP calculation |
196 |
2016 |
Peace and Security
Indicator |
Definition |
Source |
No. countries covered |
Latest year of data |
Conflict and terrorism |
YLL from armed conflict and terrorism |
IHME GBD |
204 |
2019 |
INFORM score |
Risk of humanitarian crisis and disaster, including climate change related risks |
EU INFORM |
192 |
2022 |
Internal peace score |
Composite score for domestic peace and safety and security |
IEP Global Peace Index |
163 |
2022 |
Interpersonal violence |
YLL from interpersonal violence, ages 15–29 |
IHME GBD |
204 |
2019 |
* This indicator is based on the absolute stocks of underemployed youth within a country’s borders, rather than a rate-based or per capita measure. The rationale behind this approach is that the indicator penalises countries with the largest proportions of youth who are struggling with underemployment. Underemployment exists when the hours of work of an employed person are below a threshold and are insufficient in relation to an alternative employment situation in which the person is willing and available to engage.
† The Gender Parity Index (GPI) calculates a value based on the number of females divided by the number of males. A value of 1 reflects equality or parity between females and males. A value below 1 usually favours males while a value over 1 usually favours females. The original values for the gender parity in literacy indicator are converted into an YDI indicator score where a lower score reflects greater inequality between men and women in favour of men and a higher score suggests greater equality in favour of women.